Standard Model and Beyond

29 Set 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Introduzione al Modello Standard. Interazione di Fermi, decadimento del neutrone e violazione della parità, W come mediatore, integrale funzionale e costruzione della teoria effettiva.

30 Set 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Teorie di gauge non-abeliane, correnti cariche e correnti neutre, ipercarica, modello di Glashow-Weinberg-Salam, generalizzazione a modelli con correnti right-handed. Teorie chirali e teorie vettoriali, rappresentazioni chirali del gruppo di Lorentz.

06 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Two-component spinor formalism. The gauge structure of the Standard Model, weak mixing angle, quantum numbers of fermions and couplings to vector bosons.

07 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Spontaneous symmetry breaking, scalar potential, Goldstone bosons. Higgs mechanism, breaking of gauge symmetries, gauge-goldstone mixing. Unitary gauge, gauge boson propagator, gauge fixing in spontaneously broken theories, xi-gauges. Scalar QED, generalization to non-abelian theories, the Standard Model Higgs.

13 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

The Higgs sector of the Standard Model, electroweak symmetry breaking, masses and couplings of gauge and Higgs bosons, couplings of Goldstone bosons and ghosts. Global symmetries of the SM Lagrangian, baryon and lepton number, axial symmetries and fermion masses, Yukawa couplings, flavor symmetry.

14 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Yukawa couplings and fermion masses, CKM matrix, bayon number and lepton number conservation. Discrete symmetries: P, C, CP. The Higgs potential, custodial symmetry and its breaking, rho parameter.

19 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Measurement of ElectroWeak parameters, EW scheme. Early determinations of weak mixing angle from neutrino scattering. Neutral currents in e+e- > mu+mu- below the Z pole, total cross-section, forward-backward asymmetry. Parity violation in atomic physics, weak charge of the atom.

27 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Fisica al polo della Z: osservabili sperimentali a LEP e SLC. Sezioni d'urto totali, asimmetrie FB. Correzioni radiative e definizioni delle pseudo-osservabili: larghezze parziali, asimmetrie, costanti di accoppiamento effettive. Relazione fra osservabili sperimentali e pseudo-osservabili.

28 Ott 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Risultati di LEP, LEP2, SLC, Tevatron: universalità leptonica, universalità quark/leptoni, masse e larghezze di W e Z, Triple Gauge Couplings, massa del top. Pseudo-osservabili in una teoria universale: parametro rho e angolo di mixing effettivo, relazione con la simmetria custodiale. Calcolo delle correzioni radiative alle pseudo-osservabili: polarizzazioni di vuoto, correzioni al vertice, correzione a G_F; calcolo di rho, kappa, mW in una teoria generica.

03 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Electroweak Precision tests. Vacuum polarizations, epsilon parameters, calculation in the Standard Model. Dependence on Higgs and top quark masses, indirect determination of m_t and m_H from the EW fit. Expansion for heavy new physics, S, T, W, Y parameters (and U, V, X).

04 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Relation between the epsilon pseudo-observables, and the S, T, W, Y parameters, short-distance and long-distance contributions. Formulation in terms of effective operators, the Standard Model Effective Theory, classification of dim=5 and dim=6 operators. Neutrino masses and seesaw, contributions to the EW parameters. Loop corrections, UV and IR contributions, the naturalness problem in the EFT formulation.

10 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Hadronic corrections to photon vacuum polarization, dispersion relation, total hadronic cross-section. Infrared divergences in QED: real and virtual radiative corrections. Massless fermions and Sudakov logarithm. Radiative corrections to hadronic cross-section: infrared and collinear divergences.

11 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Soft & collinear divergences in QCD, Sterman-Weinberg jets, 2-jet and 3-jet cross-section at NLO, total hadronic cross-section. Higgs physics: tree-level decay width into fermions and vectors, Goldstone boson equivalence theorem. Loop decays into photons and gluons, soft theorem and relation to vacuum polarizations. Higgs boson production at lepton colliders: ZH associated production, Vector Boson Fusion.

17 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Initial-state soft & collinear divergences, vector boson splitting functions, effective W approximation. Higgs phenomenology: VBF production at lepton collider, hadron collider production modes, signal strengths and Higgs couplings. Double Higgs production and the trilinear coupling.

18 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

The ElectroWeak Chiral Lagrangian. CCWZ formalism, Goldstone bosons and non-linear representations, unitarization of pion scattering, strong coupling and chiral symmetry breaking in QCD, modified Higgs couplings. The Higgs as a pseudo-Goldstone boson, SO(5)/SO(4), vacuum misalignment.

24 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Composite Higgs. Minimal SO(5)/SO(4), gauge boson masses, ElectroWeak precision tests (UV and IR contributions), composite resonances, Coleman-Weinberg and the Higgs/pion potential.

25 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

The Flavour sector of the Standard Model. Global flavour symmetries and their breaking, CKM matrix, physical parameters of the CKM, CP violation, standard and Wolfenstein parametrizations. Unitarity constraints, Unitarity Triangle, observables quantities, Jarlskog invariant. Determination of CKM parameters: tree-level constraints (semi-leptonic decays, determination of gamma from B -> DK), loop-level constraints and meson mixing.

30 Nov 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

CP violation in the quark sector: CP violation in decay, in mixing, and in interference. CP asymmetries (time-dependent and integrated). Meson mixing: mass and CP eigenstates, mass difference, K-Kbar system, epsilon_K and epsilon', B-Bbar system, B -> J/psi K and sin(2beta).

01 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Delta F = 2 FCNC amplitudes in the Standard Model, CKM unitarity and GIM mechanism, prediction of charm mass from kaon mixing. Calculable and non-calculable processes in flavor physics, kaon mass difference, CP violation and epsilon_K. EFT formulation (cenni).

02 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Effective Field Theory approach to flavour physics, renormalization, mass-dependent and mass-independent schemes. The Weak Effective Lagrangian: semi-leptonic interactions, and non-renormalization under QCD. Renormalization of 4-quark interactions, one-loop matching to the Standard Model, UV and IR behavior of EFT, Wilson coefficients. RG-improvement, resummation of logarithms, anomalous dimension, validity of perturbative expansion. Effective Lagrangian for FCNC, 4-quark operators and penguin diagrams.

07 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Heavy Quark Effective Theory. Limite non-relativistico della Lagrangiana di QCD per quark pesanti, espansione in 1/mQ, operatore magnetico e cinetico, spin-flavor symmetry. Rinormalizzazione della lagrangiana HQET a NLO. Simmetria spin-flavor e spettro di mesoni e barioni pesanti nel limite di grande mQ. Fattori di forma per mesoni pesanti, funzioni di Isgur-Wise, limite di zero recoil.

09 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Fisica del flavor oltre il Modello Standard. Operatori Delta F = 2 e limiti sulla scala di nuova fisica. Processi Delta F = 1, decadimenti semi-leptonici di mesoni pesanti, branching ratios e osservabili angolari, dipendenza dai fattori di forma, base di operatori oltre il Modello Standard. Universalità leptonica nei decadimenti del B (cenni). Minimal Flavor Violation, accoppiamenti di Yukawa come spurioni di una simmetria di flavor.

14 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Electric Dipole Moments and CP violation. Lepton Flavor Violation in the Standard Model and beyond: relation with neutrino masses, PMNS matrix and its physical parameters, Dirac vs Majorana neutrinos and complex phases, physical parameters for right-handed neutrinos, Casas-Ibarra parametrization, see-saw mechanisms, mu -> e gamma and other processes. Experimental searches for neutrino masses: beta decay, double beta decay.

15 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Neutrino oscillations. Oscillation probability in vacuum, mass differences and hierarchy, mixing angles, CP phase. Experimental evidence for neutrino oscillations: solar, atmospheric, and reactor mixing angles. Oscillations in matter, charged-current interactions, optical theorem and neutrino refraction index, MSW effect.

16 Dic 2021 (2h 00m)

Dario Buttazzo - Corso (attività didattica) - In presenza

Charge quantization in the Standard Model. Anomalies (diagrammatic and path-integral formulation), global vs gauge anomalies, cancellation of gauge anomalies in the Standard Model, relation with hypercharge quantization. Baryon and lepton number anomaly, B-L conservation, gauge extensions of the SM. Unification: fermion quantum number unification, Pati-Salam SU(4), Georgi-Glashow SU(5), gauge coupling unification, leptoquarks, proton decay, SO(10).